Aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound that is mainly used as a flocculating agent in the purification of drinking water and waste water treatment plants, and used in paper manufacturing.
Other interesting uses of aluminum sulfate around the house are in gardening. Because aluminum sulfate is extremely acidic, it's sometimes added to very alkaline soils to balance the pH for plants. When the aluminum sulfate comes into contact with water, it forms aluminum hydroxide and a much diluted sulfuric acid solution, which alters the soil acidity. Gardeners who plant hydrangeas apply this property to change the flower color (blue or pink) of the hydrangeas since this plant is very sensitive to soil pH.
* Water Treatment
One of the most important uses of aluminum sulfate is in water treatment and purification. When added to water, it causes microscopic impurities to clump together into larger and larger particles. These clumps of impurities will then settle to the bottom of the container or at least get large enough to filter them out of the water. This makes the water safer to drink. On the same principle, aluminum sulfate is also sometimes used in swimming pools to decrease the cloudiness of the water.
* Papermaking
In the past, aluminum sulfate was used in making paper, although synthetic agents have mostly replaced it. The aluminum sulfate helped to size of the paper. In this process, aluminum sulfate was combined with rosin soap to change the absorbency of the paper. This changes the ink-absorbing properties of the paper. Using aluminum sulfate means that the paper was made under acidic conditions. Use of synthetic sizing agents means that acid-free paper can be produced. Acid-free paper does not break down as fast as paper sized with acid.
* Dyeing Fabrics
Another one of the many uses of aluminum sulfate is in dyeing and printing on cloth. When dissolved in a large amount of water that has a neutral or slightly alkaline pH, the compound produces a gooey substance, aluminum hydroxide. The gooey substance helps dyes stick to the cloth fibers by making the dye water insoluble. The role of aluminum sulfate, then, is as a dye “fixer,” which means that it combines with the molecular structure of the dye and the fabric so the dye doesn't run out when the fabric gets wet.
